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- Urban Nighttime Design: Bridging the Gap Between Community and Technology
Nighttime experts and aficionados envision that public street lighting and private lighting will create a connective tissue that adapts to functional and aesthetic criteria over time. Continued studies, prototypes, and refreshed policies are urgently needed to support this inclusive, creative nighttime vision. A fresh approach to environmental design after dark aims to increase social and physical activity in public space—addressing both day and night workers. The intended outcome is better health, in part, through walkability and economic vitality. Nighttime design is a time-based discipline that addresses complex conditions, from dusk to dawn, through education, research pilots and policy guidance, along with the convening of neighborhood constituents to inform and advocate place transformations. International Nighttime Design Initiative (NTD) is committed to exploring livability in cities at night. A consortium of interdisciplinary academics and professionals, we are applying vision, skills, and know-how to develop a holistic design practice. Composed of 30 urbanists, including lighting designers and scientists, transportation mobility and walkability experts, social researchers, public space managers, an architect, landscape architect, artist, a specialist in night and culture, a digital placemaker, and many students, among others; NTD addresses a neglected area of city design, a darkened blind spot, through a variety of disciplines. Smart Everyday Nighttime Design © Don Slater, Configuring Light. The pilot included a community engagement, including this workshop. Participants created localized lantern “sketches” with everyday colors of Cartagena. Night is a time, but it is also a place. Residents, workers, and visitors each view the night through their own unique lens of perception. Depending on one’s viewpoint, the night can be poetic or dangerous, romantic or lonely, rowdy or sleepy. In addition, hallmark urban design issues such as equity, women’s safety, transportation, and inclusion are magnified at night. To facilitate analysis, and to evaluate and propose outcomes, NTD’s “Shades of Night” framework sets the stage for neighborhood studies. The post-sunset built context is typified by a rhythm of light and dark patterns such as window-lit street walls, shadowed trees and park gates, open and shut businesses with or without displays, which counterpoints monochromatic public illumination of streets and recreation areas. Overlaying these public and private lighting phenomena are visual punctuation: traffic signals, blinking media, and the rare art feature. Significantly, as human activity changes throughout the night, public street and sidewalk lighting, does not. With this observation, possibilities for transformation commence. Sunset Park Pilot. Photo: NYCDOT. El-space pilot in Sunset Park Brooklyn is a proof of concept for urban design, green infrastructure and lighting in partnership with Design Trust for Public Space, New York City Department of Transportation and Industry City. Architects Newspaper review Lights blink, take your places. Then they fade, time for the drama to begin. Theatrical productions are performed within dynamic, programmed lighting atmospheres denoting the scenic place. Digital control systems are the backbone of theatrical stage lighting. Similarly, the responsive component of architectural smart lighting is software. Nighttime design principles encourage diversity of after-dark public-space atmospheres and usage. Whether a traditional night walk and wander or a journey to a specific destination, illumination is key to the creation of innovative spaces for live performance, poetry readings, markets, recreation, and other social strengthening endeavors. Conversion from traditional light sources to LED, of course, provides energy reduction and economic benefits. Research supports an economic case for multi-year ROI which includes savings in maintenance and energy costs–providing a 50-60-percent energy reduction over standard street lighting. Combined with dimming, truly responsive lighting can see an additional 20-30-percent energy savings. The urban night designer’s focus is the everyday, lived experience in the post-twilight city. To establish a safe and welcoming physical setting, design must include citizen-informed considerations. Moreover, we believe truly useful and digitally-connected civic technology usage will be co-created with stakeholders, from design to evaluation. Within this broad context of smart cities, an exemplar is a Boston Beta-Blocks, a one year pilot which was publically launched in June 2019. The Mayor’s Office of New Urban Mechanics selected Emerson College’s Engagement Lab to design a methodology, in part, for smart technology decision-making. Apropos to this article, the Lab is “developing methods of community engagement alongside technology.” Three neighborhoods have been identified. Focused on these “exploration zones”, participation is activated with local Zone Advisory Groups and Youth Tech Explorers, a traveling exhibition which includes ingeniously designed games for orientation and awareness building and workshops. An IoT (Internet of Things) device – a temporary proof of concept – is installed in each site e.g. digital displays, air quality sensors, and a parking application. These devices are the fulcrum for local input. The end goal is to influence future Boston’s smart city strategy—the what (which smart systems) and the where (which neighborhoods) through authentic social research. The Lab will produce an implementation guide aiming to instigate productive relationships between government, commercial sector, and citizens for next-generation digital cities. In the old-guard playbook, top-down decisions streamline the execution of the public-realm planning process. However, as the public itself gathers strength through (understandable) resistance to big data and NIMBYism, not only is civic engagement key to identifying the pain points that smart technologies claim to solve, but as smart cities research Engagement Lab specialist John Harlow, states, “Deploying innovation is difficult, but community involvement can be key to efficiency.” In short, nighttime experts and aficionados envision that public street lighting and private lighting—including shop fronts, advertising boards, and entry canopies—will fuse into a sensor-driven network of lighting assets, creating a connective tissue that adapts to functional and aesthetic criteria over time. Continued studies, prototypes, and refreshed policies are urgently needed to support this inclusive, creative nighttime vision. Nighttime designers welcome an opportunity to develop cooperative agreements with smart technologists, telecoms, and lighting manufacturers, for tomorrow’s engaged, networked communities Published in New Cities https://newcities.org/the-big-picture-urban-nighttime-design-bridging-gap-community-technology/ Featured image: Smart Everyday Nighttime Design © Don Slater, Configuring Light. Full street view: a successful prototype-pilot. The atmosphere is typified by highly accurate color-rendering, an average lighting level which meets requirements, the nighttime, streetscape character is defined by lighting and lanterns, and accented by sparkle.
- Luminous Color Implementation
Iridescent Waves Beautiful lighting promotes a feeling of safety, care, and identity. The Queens Parking Garage and Community Space east façade provides a large-scale canvas for illumination. In 2021, clients and designers determined that the parking garage’s massive façade would contribute a vibrant moment for vehicular viewers traversing the adjacent highway spaghetti and a point of focus for residential viewers from afar. The design team conducted a series of technical, spatial, and budgeting exercises to implement the final concept in 2023. Creating luminous color and dynamic displays in the public realm is a Leni Schwendinger Light Projects specialty. KEY DESIGN TIP Implementation for urban scale, high concept projects involves a range of creative and practical processes starting with a feasible imaginary. Fast forward to installation, which requires vigilant cross-disciplinary teams, accurate budgeting, and specification of technical (products and systems. For compelling light artforms, after installation, the project is thrust back into the realm of the imagination…artist and designers collaborating with electricians to focus luminaires, and the commissioning programmer to create a sequential composition. Finally, a public realm project may require several approvals. Good Luck! Photos: Mikaela Baird upLIGHT DESIGNED 2021 | OPENED 2023 During the evening hours, the Queens Parking Garage reflects ever-changing hues extrapolated from the scattered light effect associated with butterfly wings and bird feathers. The sequence plays in a loop from sunset until midnight. This programmed composition is bookended by static white to provide “white space on the page.” Bookending provides a beginning and end to focus the viewer’s attention on the colorful, dynamic layers of light in between. The owner requested a slow transformation of color. This video sample is accelerated for your screen viewing. Location: Parking Garage and Community Center, Queens, New York City Owner: NYC Department of Transportation Architects: Urbahn Architects, Marvel Design Lighting Design: Leni Schwendinger Light Projects
- NYCxDESIGN & LightFair Present
Future Directions for Urban Space at Night, a panel conversation exploring ways that urban lighting activates public space after dark. Join the discussion about serving our nighttime communities: people who love to be out at after sunset and those who must. Curated by Leni Schwendinger. Open your awareness from a narrow focus on lighting technologies and capabilities to defining city nights as people places — easy and pleasurable to navigate. Curious to redefine outdoor lighting as a practice? This round table will provide learning at several levels — whether novice or experienced professional.
- The Essential, Invisible Night: Illuminating Cities for Essential Workers
The architectural and urban design professions are day-biased, even as night is a full 50% of the world’s time. My years of work as an urban lighting designer have expanded to propose an interdisciplinary awareness of night as place. Nighttime design is a long overdue area of study and implementation. Holistically applied it could directly affect physical -and mental –health, and safety, for “essential” nightshift workers by focusing on legibility and late-night services. In this paper, the various categories of night work are used: shift-work is an overall term to differentiate from the normative day-shift. Other terms are, for example, night-shift, second-shift, third-shift and graveyard shift. Second (or evening) shift starts around 2 to 6 p.m. and ends between 10 p.m. and 2 a.m. Night-shift (or third or graveyard) starts around 10 p.m. to 2 a.m. and ends around 5 to 8 a.m. This think piece targets issues that have existed before and during the pandemic. However, because of the pandemic, I posit that a relevant synergy between “essential” “worker” and “night” remain cynically unaddressed. While the city and state of New York has lauded (and applauded) those of us who work tirelessly to keep the wheels of society and commerce turning. At the same time, it is disingenuous to avoid consideration of public-space working conditions that are critical to our key workers, that is, the hours between dusk and dawn. Why is this important? From the outset, night-shift workers’ conditions are inequitable. Per U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 18% of the 11-million service workers in the protective, food, and cleaning sectors work the evening and night shifts. And, significantly, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health states that “Both shift work and long work hours have been associated with health and safety risks.” Additionally, shift work is associated with diet-related chronic conditions such as obesity and cardiovascular disease, per “Influences on Dietary Choices during Day versus Night Shift in Shift Workers” (from Nutrients 2017). These are but two salient studies. Thus, re-contextualizing night-space as a workplace, urban design opportunities arise for imaginative and functional solutions in regard to transportation (transit and micro-mobility), retail open and closing hours, street design and streetscape amenities, and availability of nighttime services, to name a few. Further to understanding the plight of the graveyard shift population, the seminal 2009 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 30-page document, “Psychological and Social Support for Essential Service Workers During an Influenza Pandemic” addresses both the psychological and social needs of essential service workers during a pandemic. The authors define these workers to include “healthcare workers, public health workers, first-responder organizations, and employees of public utilities, sanitation, transportation, and food and medicine supply- chain companies.” All of these key workers are likely to be employed on second and third -shift work. Equity issues are involved, as the New York State essential-worker definition expands upon the CDC’s, and includes not only the professional classes but also those who take care of our mail and shipping, laundromats, building cleaning and maintenance, childcare services and warehouse jobs. All of these roles have nighttime shifts, and are so-called “low-skilled” or blue collar. UCLA’s Neuropsychiatric Institute’s Dr. Carole Lieberman, indicates that “Night shift workers begin to feel like second-class citizens. They begin to feel invisible.” There is a diagnosis for those who cannot adjust to changes in the sleep/wake cycle, or circadian rhythm: Shift Work Disorder. Symptoms include sleepiness, often coupled with insomnia and depression. In addition to the individual Disorder symptoms, described above, extrinsic, gender-based, night-space brutality is a facet of daily life for women. Design, from a harm reduction point of view, can begin to address the darkened work and mobility environment, as briefly enumerated below. International Labour Organization co-authored with UN Women’s “Handbook: Addressing violence and harassment against women in the world of work”, repeatedly enumerates that traversing the city to and from home and transit, is dangerous for women, especially in regard to sexual harassment and assault, “particularly affecting women working shifts and having to travel by foot or public transport in the dark or late at night. Preventative actions by local authorities – such as improving street lighting or the positioning of bus stops – can have a beneficial impact on making women’s, as well as men’s, lives safer when they commute to work.” Design Solutions: We suggest that districts with a preponderance of shift workers and neighborhoods with night work sites, such as hospitals, transportation and transit hubs and warehouses be designated night zones in order to benefit from night-focused interdisciplinary design solutions. For example, consider the northeast section of New York City’s Bronx, a future recipient of a Metro-north transit line. This district contains a preponderance of 24-hour work sites, including more than nine hospitals, one of the largest food distribution centers in the world, and nearby, the George Washington Bridge Bus Station with connections for transit riders during the dark morning and evening hours, as well as 24-hour drivers starting and returning to the Bus Station itself. Fearful nighttime conditions can be ameliorated and turned positive with creative design collaboration inclusive of architectural disciplines, landscape, illumination, wayfinding and security. New approaches to nighttime design would focus on lighting and legibility for first and last mile transit corridors, enhanced bus stops for late night ridership needs, and public space amenities for shift workers adjacent to workspaces. Typical design tactics, starting with existing conditions studies are relevant. For example, a Shades of Night analysis, which is a framework to measure human activity in relation to environmental changes such as open-shut hours and lighting should be undertaken to characterize after-dark populations, their movement and needs. Consultant teams for nighttime design must be assembled to address shortcomings of the district. Which consultants can address safe meeting places? How about availability of food purveyors, including food trucks? Are night transit options that relate to local worksites in place? What about after-dark cultural offerings and protected public spaces, such as all-night libraries? These are experts in addition to the ones already mentioned, such as those well versed in permitting, sustainability, community engagement and real estate, among others. For rapidity, tactical urban and lighting solutions could be devised in the form of measurable pilots that would be planned as participatory exercises that concurrently build community capacity in the self-same districts. Longer term, smart technologies are available to enhance amenities and wayfinding. Let’s value essential, heretofore invisible, shift-workers as they work and traverse the dark city by establishing welcoming, safe public spaces.
- Facets of Light
City planners, developers and design professionals regard evening and nighttime hours as critical for master planning, cultural diversity and economic agendas. However, most city-makers sense a lack of best practices and competencies where it comes to the darkened hours. This post reprises our clients’ key questions, areas of concern and opportunities for nighttime design and urban lighting. NIGHTSHIFT | NIGHT PLACE View Leni’s presentation for the 3rd International Conference on Night Studies. The annual conference focuses on frontier research, artistic works and practices in urban night studies. Leni connects Shades of Night with proven community engagement methodologies. Her conclusion: "Night-shifters, indeed all people, deserve creative design for safety and inspiration. It is time to co-design the darkened hours during city revitalization projects." D.I.Y. LIGHTING This video documents a presentation to the London Mayor's 24/7 Team in 2022. Urbanist, designer, artist, Leni Schwendinger, describes the ways economical, festoon lighting, or fairy lights, act as nighttime markers enhancing walkability. In this talk, she reviews the improved legibility and perceptions of safety while activating and brightening up main street. GLOBAL NIGHTTIME RECOVERY PLAN Strategies for nightlife and life at night, can holistically increase access and mobility to entice citizens back to city centers. This chapter addresses issues in 3 key sections: Activation of streets and urban spaces during the nocturnal hours Foregrounding the undervalued yet critical role of illumination Developing inclusive approaches to movement around our cities after dark AS DEMAND FOR OPEN SPACE SOARS, NEW YORK GETS A PUBLIC REALM CZAR Leni Schwendinger Light Projects’ client, Carey King, executive director, Uptown Grand Central, is featured in this New York Times article. Her heroic perseverance to secure functional lighting for the East Harlem Plaza under the Park Avenue viaduct. The untold story is visible in the photo. Uptown Flash, a D.I.Y light-art canopy, now brightens and cheers the once dismal after-dark (and daytime) space. Ms. King’s crusade typifies the bureaucratic route that will now be facilitated by NYC’s newly appointed public realm manager, Ya-Ting Liu.
- Pilots by Night - have you tested? -
Light is a magical lever for community engagement Pilots, or trial demonstrations, are key to successful projects. Elizabeth Barrett Browning astutely recognizes that context, and surrounding atmospheres, provide visual contrast and therefore define how colors and visual phenomena are perceived. Inclusion: Pilots combined with community involvement encourages buy-in. Participation can take the form of in-depth co-design or an organized event with education and sharing. Street trials combined with lighting awareness education like the NightSeeing™ program provide the basis for lighting strategies. Here are examples of street lighting gone wrong. One in Rome, Italy and the other in San Diego, United States. Excerpted from Envisioning Community Engagement in Smart Lighting Design for Lighting Symposium, Copenhagen 2022. Authors Leni Schwendinger, International Nighttime Design Initiative (United States) and Dr. Philip Ross, Studio Philip Ross(the Netherlands). Do it right the first time! Piloting serves clients, the design team, and the community by demonstrating options, providing a platform for preference discussions, and gaining consensus. Plus, when combined with research methodology, the pilot reveals metrics for your future night lighting roll-outs.
- Join Uptown Flash -- a braided light extravaganza
Experience an art installation in Harlem - materials: D.I.Y. string lights and community engagement Uptown Flash, a light canopy in East Harlem, is based on the art and history of hair braiding. Plaited light strands suspended below the Park Avenue Viaduct transform a desolate plaza into a luminous place to meet. D.I.Y. lighting techniques were invented during the Covid pandemic. New York City’s streeteries sprang up embellished with cheerful swags of fairy lights. A question formed — what if the simplest, least expensive lighting that anyone can do was simultaneously innovative, inclusive and fun? During the Uptown Flash Street Lab, 150’ strands were laid out on the pavement. Neighbors and transit riders stopped by to try their hand and apply their imaginations to create the art installation. Watch this video clip as the colored strings of light are braided by kids and adults. Join the Uptown Flash inauguration to flip the switch accompanied by marching bands! In the darkened hours of the winter solstice, December 21, Leni will conduct a mini NightSeeing™ LightWalk starting at 6:30 p.m. The walk will be both festive and practical to examine the darkness and qualities of light along the East Harlem corridor. We will finish on the 124th Street side of the 125th Street Plaza for the grand opening of Uptown Flash with hot chocolate and music. Experience a once bleak underpass as it transforms into a cozy, bright and friendly plaza. Dress warmly and celebrate.
- 6th Street Viaduct: is it a bridge or a place?
Proposed archway illumination envisaged real time traffic data displayed through tints and nature’s rhythms Significantly, LSLP was challenged to ensure void sapce within the heroic arches. Therefore, a prime criterion for our conceptual design was to conceal lighting fixtures. Another was to create an evolving transformation along the archways. Finally, taking a cue from European roadways at the time, vehicular lighting was placed close to the curb level to supplant vertical lampposts interfering with framed LA cityscape. How is approval for such creative illumination obtained? LSLP tested beam spreads and conducted design team workshops. We created persuasive animations for the LA Bureau of Engineers, which you can view in the silent model animation above. Today, identity lighting is a hallmark for city nightscapes all over the world. We are currently designing 3 bridges and shared-use rampways. LSLP is available to elevate your bridge into an aesthetic symbol of place—a majestic connector. Contact Leni personally for a conversation about requests for qualifications or competitions. Thank you to Michael Maltzan and Tim Williams for shepherding the lighting design through to completion.
- Inhabiting The Night – Preparing Cities For Extreme Heat
This summer, even more than last, people around the world suffered the consequences of a warming world. From an exceptionally early start to the heat waves in India to lethal bouts of extreme heat in Western countries, including the UK, Spain, and France. Countries and cities across climate regions are choosing to adapt lifestyle patterns to avoid the daytime heat. Practices synonymous with warmer climes such as the afternoon siesta are making their way to temperate regions. This year, in the UK, The National Trust adopted Mediterranean working hours for staff and volunteers, with the day starting earlier, finishing later and including a long lunch break to allow workers to avoid the worst heat of the day. We should be getting ready to live more by night. Night is a natural antidote to daytime heat, and it already exists, and it is free. The actuality of nighttime activities, now and in the future, is changing. Why? Because, as the world heats up, we will doubtlessly move in that direction, living more at night. Geography Geographic context plays a significant role in determining the costs and benefits of nighttime living. The Expo 2020 Dubai held in the United Arab Emirates, was an extraordinary display of global responses to the many challenges climate change presents to the planet. Of course, the creativity and initiatives on display relate mostly to the geographical context of the Expo, full-on desert: hot and dry. One of the most impressive exhibits was Grimshaw’s Sustainability Pavilion “Terra” that sourced energy from the sun to cool the built environment. With a plentitude of sun, the Expo captured much of its energy through solar panels atop “Energy Trees” that also provided shade. Similar shading techniques are becoming more commonplace in north Africa, southern Spain, and elsewhere in super-hot climates. However, technology alone is not always sufficient to make the planet’s extremely hot spots habitable and comfortable around the clock. Hence, why Expo 2020 remained open until 2:00 am allowing for circulation and activity to take place in the cool of the evening and nighttime. Scenarios It is not as if we haven’t already been living at night, extensively and internationally. However, life at night hasn’t, so far, been connected to the unparalleled climate changes of today. The dark of night has been the magic hour for nighttime markets, sporting events, art and culture, theater, parties, and more. But, relocating the more quotidian activities of education, work, and play into the broad, cool evening environment would be advantageous. Living by night is not a new concept for cities in the global north and south who are already accustomed to seasonal darkness. Everyday life in the south includes a late night dinner, which can be a picnic with a visit to the night bazaar, defined by warm temperatures. In the global north, during the winter months the gloom lengthens – as much as 18 hours in the far reaches — and candles appear in windows as life activities adapt to darkness. An emerging after-dark culture in temperate zones where life in public space – whether for work or leisure — is lived primarily during daylight hours is upon us due to high-heat atmospheres. Before this condition becomes late and all-night, designers suggest that a holistic approach to town and city spaces be creatively envisioned.We would argue that humanistic after-sunset spaces are needed now – for essential workers both blue and white -collar. Light, Health and Safety One major reason for under-occupying the night has been the lack of available and affordable public lighting. Enter LEDs, Light-Emitting Diode sources and fixtures which are miniaturized, low wattage and low maintenance. LED-sourced illumination has reduced capital cost while, in recent years, increased quality. Designed properly this technology allows de facto energy and carbon reduction, generates systems with networking potential and raises the possibility of localized aesthetics and atmospheres when combined with community engagement. A number of phenomena are converging that will result in an obvious but under-recognized reality: we are increasingly going to occupy the night. So, what are the unintended consequences of a world lived by night? There are social and health issues. It turns out that the ability to turn around the day to night rhythms is on one hand disruptive, and on the other hand highly personal with some individuals and families able to adapt and even enjoy the reversal and others living with continuing exhaustion. In 2021, the Light and Health Research Centerwas established in New York to investigate topics such as “light at night,” sleep and circadian rhythms, and “shift work.” Inequity has many faces when it comes to the nighttime environment. The “transportation pink tax” cites skewed expenses for women taking public transit, such as lack of available child care, late night groceries and meals, safe respite and shelter throughout the after-work and working night hours is an issue that could be addressed in an innovative agenda for nighttime research. In one study, “Addressing violence and harassment against women in the world of work” key issues are danger, assault and sexual harassment “particularly affecting women working shifts and having to travel by foot or public transport in the dark or late at night”. And this is notwithstanding anticipated time customs which will enlarge night work because of heat. For example, in New York City’s Bronx, the near-adjacent Morris Park and Hunts Point are quintessential 24-hour working districts. The former is home to half a dozen hospitals, and the latter, the location of a significant food distribution complex with four markets. Neighborhoods like these are ideal locations for designs that privilege safety for the first and last mile between work, public transportation and home, joyful design that encourages walkability, legible lighting schemes and amenities for second and third-shift workers. For example food service with reversed menus like breakfast at 11 pm and dinner at 6 am as well as respite such as seating areas for the exhausted. A Research Agenda: Nighttime Work-Play-Life Carpe Noctem! Seize the night. Let’s begin investigation and research while we have some slack to do so rather than wait for the inevitable dark, hot dystopia to descend upon us. This is a call for pilot designs sited in underserved public spaces to benefit people now. As envisaged, nighttime placemaking and place-keeping pilots would provide feedback about mobility, psychological perceptions, pedestrian collisions and nocturnal fears. We call this the Nighttime Work-Play-Life Research Agenda. From an urban planning and design lens, we advocate for a funded, robust, research agenda to analyze the many factors to be considered for the future life at night. These elements are dynamic and consequential to conserving energy, reducing emissions, and most importantly not only preserving but improving our quality of life. London and Sydney have generated high quality studies and resources that point to the future of city nights. Both metropolises have focused on policy related to 24-hour cities for several years. The London Mayor’s Officeincludes 24-hour guidance, women’s night safety, nighttime transit and infrastructure, and a recent lighting study. Australia’s New South Wales Treasury Office issued “Sydney 24-hour Economy Strategy” just before the pandemic shutdowns. This comprehensive document states, “We are working with councils, businesses and the community to build vibrant, diverse, inclusive and safe 24-hour economies in CBDs across Greater Sydney.” As in any city-based research initiative, nighttime studies are not a “one size fits all” undertaking. Cultural and pragmatic, time honored traditions and public space practices of the global south play out in the cool of night. The global south environment will change in its own ways while the current conditions of these warmer climes will be increasingly visited on the global north. It is time to prioritize creative planning for a new dawn… the other side of day. This article was published by New Cities on August 24, 2022. About the Authors
- Envisioning the future of public space illumination – Looking back at looking forward, part one
In 2001, for their 20th anniversary issue Metropolis magazine’s back page featured several architects’ and designers’ quick visions for future designs or objects. Then, much public space was built as a result of private developer incentives – and meanly edged with serrated metal bars and spikes. Those were the days when benches were removed from subway stations. Now, in the age of Google Streetview and a increasingly laser-like focus on pedestrianization, my vision of a “mapping device” that identifies “negative spaces” such as forecourts, sidewalks and parking lots – which was not all that exciting or commonly shared value then — seems prescient. Next, connecting up atmospheres and activities through electronic controls. A scenography of public light and life. #urbandesign #nighttimedesign #activedesign #publiclighting #streetscape #urbanlight #Lighting









